Q) 53. Choose one of the nation's first three presidents --- George Washington, John Adams, or Thomas Jefferson ----- and write a short essay exploring the major issues facing the nation during that individual’s presidency. Your response should include a consideration of both domestic and foreign policy issues.
Q) 54. BY the turn-of-the-nineteenth century the nations first political party system had developed with the emergence of the Federalists and the Democrat-Republicans What did each party stand for and what were some of the primary issues that they disagreed about during the years of the Early Republic?
Q) 52. Why did some of the nations founding fathers decide to have a Constitutional Convention 1787? What were the main features of the resultant United States Constitution and how did debate over its ratification lay the groundwork for the development of political parties in the United States?
Q) 51. How and why did the United States find itself at war with Great Britain in the War of 1812? What were the major outcomes of that conflict for the United States?
Q) 55. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal” thus establishing foundational principles of liberty and justice for the United States. In the first several decades after the Revolution, did the nation seem to be living up to those ideals? In farming your responses consider at least three of the following groups:
White male property owners
Native Americans
Enslaved African Americans
Women
Other group of your choosing
Q53
The Major Issues Faced By United States When George Washington Was President
During George Washington’s presidency, the United States faced serious issues, both domestically and Internationally. In regards to domestic issues, Washington had to set an example for future presidents because he was the first president of the nation. The way he approached the presidency determined how other (presidents) governed the nation. For instance, he handed over the office of the presidency to his successor, John Adams, after his second term. This helped the nations’ internal politics by ensuring a regular and orderly transfer of executive power. There has been no tyranny administrator ever since he demonstrated good leadership.
Furthermore, In regards to foreign affairs, Washington issued the proclamation of neutrality to avoid entering the war between Great Britain and France. At that time, each of these European Superpowers wanted the United States to support them (to aid) against the other, But Washington decided to be neutral.
Q54
The Federalist and the Democrat-Republican parties and their disagreements
These two parties had conflicting views on how the United States should be governed. During George Washington’s presidency, the Federalists (headed by George Washington, John Adams, and Alexander Hamilton) favored a strong central government. The Democrat-Republican (headed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison), on the other hand, favored a decentralized government. Their party was not in favor of slavery.
The Federalists and democratic-Republicans disagreed on several key issues. When it came to the constitution, the federalists favored centralized enforcement of power (or order). while the democratic-Republicans party favored Liberty (over order). and advocated for a strict interpretation of the constitution.
On one hand, the federalists also believed that the government should only be led by the elites, with the right education and property. On the other hand, the Democratic-Republic believed that the right to govern comes with favor. In regards to the economic policy, the federalists favored Hamilton’s financial plan of having strong management of the national debt and taxes to accumulate revenue. The Democratic-Republicans opposed Hamilton’s financial plans because they believed that it would give the national government more power and revenue.
Q52
The reasons why the founding fathers decided to have a Constitutional convention in 1787
They wanted to revise the articles of confederation - the first constitutions of the United States – which were considered to be weak and inadequate. America was struggling economically and the governance was poor. There was a weak central government “with no other branches of government” that led to a lack of coordination between the States and a higher tax burden. Great Britain was refusing to honor the economic pact (the Paris Treaty of 1783) it made with The United States.
The main features of the resultant US constitution were the creation of more branches of government, separation of powers between governments, division of federal and state power, protection of personal liberty, a continuation of the slave trade, and no bill of rights. The federal government was now made up of three branches: the executive powers (Vested in president), the legislative power (Vested in Congress), and the Judicial powers (vested in Courts). The constitution provided a system where all branches are independent and considered before an important decision is taken. For example, The president appoints federal judges but the appointees must be vetted by the senate (congress).
The debate over the ratification laid the groundwork for the development of political parties because of the agreements to the Connecticut compromise. The delegates arrived at a decision where the population chooses the representation at the lower house of congress and each state having two members in the Senate chosen by the state legislature. Supporters of both Democratic-Republican and Federalist views started to vote for their beliefs.
Q) 51
Why the US went to war with Great Britain
The reasons why The united states went to war with the mightier-more powerful Great Britain was because Britain restricted American trading by capturing ships and restricting neutral trade. Britain interfered with have proclaimed the United States’ rights to expand its territory. For example, Great Britain captured American ships to prevent any trade between the United States and France,” Britain’s enemies”. Britain was also supporting the uprising of Tecumseh, who was organizing a native Indian confederacy to fight white settlers on their land.
The major outcomes of the 1872 conflict for the United States include no trade restrictions with other nations, released sailors who were captured by the British. The Federalist party collapsed because it was aligning itself with Britishitsh. That victory brought - to ordinary Americans- a feeling of independence and self-confidence. That is why it was referred to as “the second War of independence.” The Tecumseh plans to create an Indian State in the North West failed and this victory meant that American gained the freedom to expand.
Q 55
The United States Nation did not seem to be living up to the ideals in the declaration of independence, especially In the first several decades of its declaration. Women have had no legal/ equal rights to participate in governance and economic activities. The Native Americans were denied their land rights and there was a continuation of enslavement of African Americans.
It has taken many decades after the declaration of independence, for minority groups to have any form of liberty and justice. For instance, America saw women’s right movements groups that stood for equal rights, freedom, and opportunities for women. feminism brought the right for women to vote and to participate equally. Jefferson and other founding fathers who opposed slavery did not insist on abolishing slavery because, at the time, abolishing it would divide the new fragile nation. Although, over the years African Americans have got progress in achieving liberty and equality through the Civil war, the Emancipation Proclamation, and the 13th Amendment.
Thomas jefferson, and some of the other founding fathers hoped that the Native Americans would integrate into the American society and if this happened the two would live in relative peace, benefiting from agricultural land, infrastructure, and trade. instead, the natives continued to lose their land either by force or payouts. There haveproclaimed been many changes in federal policies over the years, but the native Americans are yet to achieve liberty and justice.
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