What are the issues associated with robot development using artificial intelligence and what are the advantages of artificial intelligence

 What are the issues associated with robot development using artificial intelligence and what are the advantages of artificial intelligence?

Robots are nothing more than computers programmed to look like they have an autonomic nervous system. Since they are programmed to perform specific tasks, they can be made to do anything (Logan & Braga, 2020). The most basic robots are programmed to obey simple commands, like lifting a box and putting it back down. This is sufficient for a lot of activities, such as handling industrial products, or security.

The Issues Found In Developing Robots With AI

But there are many tasks that robots cannot yet do. For example, they are not good at interacting with people. They will sometimes bump into people and scatter objects. They don't understand jokes, or small talk, or facial expressions (Morgan, 2017).
The basic problem AI programmers face is that computers are not very good at dealing with uncertainty, and robots are no exception.
There are several reasons for this. The first, and most obvious, is that computers don't understand the world the way we do. We don't say "X is a teapot," we say "X is a teapot." We say "X is of shape Y," not "X is a teapot-shaped thing." We say "I know that Y is real," not "I know that Y is the case."
Artificial intelligence is about more than robots. It's about software. If software can do something, then a computer can do it. If software can make something happen, then a robot can do it.
In software, artificial intelligence is often called machine learning. A program that uses machine learning is called an expert system.
Machine learning is exciting. But there's a problem: it requires that we first teach the computer how to do a task.
Teaching a computer to do something is extremely difficult. It requires that we be able to explain (or code) task knowledge in computer language. If we can do that, then a computer can learn.
We can teach a computer to recognize words, for example. But a human can do it more easily. Humans can learn one word at a time. The computer has to learn everything at once.
The problem gets worse. Computers can't make mistakes. Humans make mistakes.

Advantages Of Artificial Intelligence


They can do work that costs human labor. They can do work that is too dangerous for people to do.
But robots can do things that people can do better. They can work longer hours. They can work at night when people are not. They can work when there are not enough people to do the job. They can work where it is not pleasant to work. The things we now do with robots, we might one day do with humans. But doing them with robots is a lot cheaper, and that will make them more valuable.

But robots can do things people cannot do. They can learn. They can solve problems following their programming. They can adapt to new situations. They can work in places where people prefer not to work. a lot cheaper, and that will make them more valuable.

Computers are great at calculating formulae, but they can't build anything. They can't decide for themselves what to build and how to do it. And they can't make predictions.
Artificial intelligence is about making computers that can do both of those things.
But in general, artificial intelligence isn't about "making" anything. It's about helping people do what they already try to do.
So the first thing you should do before thinking about building a robot is to think about what it can do, and then try to build that.

References

Logan, R. K., & Braga, A. (2020). AI and the Singularity: A Fallacy or a Great Opportunity? Mdpi AG.

Morgan, B. (2017, August 17). 10 Things Robots Can’t Do Better Than Humans. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/blakemorgan/2017/08/16/10-things-robots-cant-do-better-than-humans/?sh=54103fe8c83d

For Assessment 2, you will review and respond to a case study. You will undertake the Agile Business Analysis activities and produce the appropriate artefacts

 Task Summary

For Assessment 2, you will review and respond to a case study. You will undertake the Agile Business Analysis activities and produce the appropriate artefacts for this process. The assessment will take the form of a 2000-word report.

Please refer to the Task Instructions for details on how to complete this task.

Context

The aim of this assessment is to introduce students to Agile practice and activities in a business context, which serves as foundation for the rest of the subject.

In this assessment, students will develop skills in reviewing a case study, identifying key concepts within the case study which need to be addressed, researching these concepts, synthesising ideas about these concepts and writing a report containing completed Agile artefacts. This will give students an opportunity to develop work-ready skills as an Agile Business Analyst.

Task Instructions

To complete this assessment task, you must:

1.Review your subject notes, essential readings and learning activities to ensure that you arewell prepared for the assessment.

2.Create a report plan and identify all the key components that will be required in your reportto meet the assessment brief requirements.

3.Refer to the Assessment Rubric to ensure you address all the assessment criteria.

Report Structure

•The report is brief and therefore will not require an executive summary or abstract.•Table of contents: Include all key components of this assessment.•Introduction (150-200 words): Also serves as your statement of purpose for the report. This means that you will tell the reader what you are going to cover in your report. You will need to inform the reader of:•Your area of research and its context•The key concepts you will be addressing•What the reader can expect to find in the body of the report

•Body of the report (1300 – 1500 words):

•Design a persona – explain why you have selected this persona and given them theattributes that you have.

•Create titles only for 10 possible user stories – list these user stories.

•Map these user stories and identify which are required for your minimum viableproduct (MVP) – use the story mapping technique and explain why you haveselected some stories to be within MVP and others not.

•Select two of the more complex stories and write up the user stories from theperspective of the user – use the card technique.

•Identify how these stories can each be split into two smaller stories. At the end ofthis exercise, you will have six user stories – the two original and the two split storiesfor each of those.

•Write up the acceptance criteria for the four user stories that have resulted fromyour story splitting exercise – ensure that you have catered for the testing of bothfunctional and non-functional requirements.

•Using the MoSCoW technique, prioritise the four split stories for delivery.•Layout:•The report should use font Arial or Calibri 11 point, should be line spaced at 1.5 for ease of reading and page numbers on the bottom of each page.•With the required diagrams, due attention should be given to pagination to avoid loss of meaning and continuity by unnecessarily splitting information over two pages. Diagrams must carry the appropriate captioning and be referenced correctly if it has been adapted from a resource.•Conclusion (150 - 200 words): Summarise any findings or recommendations that the report puts forward regarding the concepts covered. Link your conclusion back to your introduction.•References: A minimum of four to six references are required for this assessment, with at least three being academic sources. (An academic source is one that has been peer-reviewed or cited in the past). All research and images used must be referenced using APA 7th style.

solution 

Title Page

Agile Business Analysis and Artefacts for Smart Academy’s proposed online system

Table of content

	Page
Introduction	3
Designing persona	3
Creating title	4
Mapping user story	5
Writing user story	5
Splitting stories	6
Acceptance criteria	7
Prioritizing	8
Conclusion	9
References	10

Introduction

This is a brief report paper prepared by a business analyst for the team that would be developing an online education system for Smart Academy, an Australian education institute. The report's purpose is to secure the creation and implementation of a high-quality online education system with novel features for the targeted users. The system requirements were constructed based on the Smart Academy case study, which included facts about the business's status and needs. The business analyst generated the agile artifacts for the necessary online education system after evaluating the case.

The following artifacts were used to complete the project: (I) persona, (II) titles, and (III) user stories, (IV) story mapping, (V) story writing, (VI) story splitting, (VII) moving through the acceptance criteria, (VIII) prioritizing tasks, and testing the system by actual users while making continuous improvements. As a result, the study will focus on Agile concepts used in "software development and project management that enable teams to execute work in small, manageable increments, generating value and responding to changes in a timely way”(Azanha et at., 2017).

I) Designing a Persona

A persona is a fictional figure who represents a system user. As a result, the persona will be utilized as a reference point for the development team to understand the end-users' wants and expectations (Fergnani, 2019). They will also assist in prioritizing the finest system features based on the information gathered. The business analyst conducted interviews with potential users and generated personas based on specified characteristics (like occupation, age, gender, education, interests, goals, and requirements). For example,

• Monica is a 23-year-old Sydney resident. As she pursues her nursing internship at a prestigious hospital, she seeks a course in Health Administration. She wants to enroll online and create an account from which she may study at her own pace.

• Dr. Swizz is a lecturer at Smart Academy who has physical and digital copies of the class materials for uploading onto the new online system.

II) Creating Titles

A title is a short description of the user story that describes the story to the development team. It describes what a user needs to solve their problem. Therefore, for this project the title was created using the following template:

As a <USER>

I want <SOMETHING>

So that <SOME REASON>

The 10 possible titles are:

1. As a tutor,

I want my online classroom recordings to be available to my students at all times,

so that I don't have to worry about the difficulties of conducting online lessons in real-time.

2. As a student,

I want a system that lets me quickly add, update, and delete subjects during the subject selection phase.
so that I have choices when it comes to subject selection.

3. As a prospective student,

I want to access a secure education platform where I can enroll and pay for a course that interests me,

so that my money is safely spent for a course that I will be able to complete without meeting any fraudulent activities.

4. As a distance student,

I want to be able to access my user profile and all of my learning needs from any device, including my mobile phone,
so that I don't lose out on my studies even while I'm on the go.

5. As a student,

I want a platform where I can learn how to apply what I've learned realistically,

so that I can always put what I've learned at work into practice.

6. As a student,

I want the freedom to build a profile and view all of my personal information, particularly the list of topics and timetable,

so that I can readily access this information while planning my studies.

7. As the administrator,

I want a system that allows me to send reminders and tailored reports to all of our students,

so that all of our messages and alerts are received by all of our students.

8. As a tutor,

I'd want to automatically produce and post marks,

so that I don't waste time grading pupils and making mistakes.

9. As a student,

I want to be able to access and check my results from my devices,

so that I don't travel to the academy's physical site all of the time.

10. As a student,

I want to be able to enquire about any questions or concerns I have at any time,

so that my difficulties and obstacles are handled as soon as possible.

III) Mapping stories

Platform with the minimum features necessary to solve particular problems will be released to some users. Thus, the minimum viable product (MVP) will be released to present users with the idea of a solution to their problems (Tripathi et at., 2019).

Example:

Story 3 from section (II) can be mapped out and after a team discussion, an agreement was made on the user needs and preferences classified as necessary and included in the minimum viable product that will be released as a prototype.

Story 5 from section (II) was not included in MVP because from discussions made, the needs and preference identified in that story were not necessary and therefore not included in the prototype.

IV) writing stories

A user story is a simple, generic explanation of a software feature written from the user's viewpoint. Its objective is to capture the user's problem as well as the intended answer (Sedano et at., 2019).

The card approach for writing user stories was applied, which entails a) producing a card with a title and description, b) writing the user story on the card, c) writing the business value of the user story, and d) writing the user story collaboratively so that all stakeholders offer feedback.

Two user stories from section (II) titles are:

1. As a prospective student, I want to access a secure education platform where I can enroll and pay for a course that interests me, so that my money is safely spent for a course that I will be able to complete without meeting any fraudulent activities.

2. As a student, I want the freedom to build a profile and view all of my personal information, particularly the list of topics and timetable, so that I can readily access this information while planning my studies.

V) Splitting stories

Scrum and Kanban are the main agile process management framework (Bhavsar et at., 2020).The scrum framework is based on the idea that a project is made up of a series of sprints, which may be extended or shortened depending upon the needs of the project, while Kanban is a visual management tool that allows the creation of a continuous workflow for the product development lifecycle. For example:

Splitting the first story from section (IV):

• As a prospective student, I want to enroll in and finish a course so that I may improve in my job.

• As a prospective student, I want a secure online education platform where I can make payments with confidence.

Using the second story from section (IV) and splitting it:

• As a student, I'd like to create an online profile on the smart academy portal where I can enter my personal information.

• As a student, I'd want to be able to access my data and the course I'm enrolled in so that I may organize my studies ahead of time.

VI) Acceptance criteria

The Acceptance Criteria is a set of quantifiable characteristics of a project that are to be measured. The process of measuring the product tasks and comparing the result to the set Acceptance Criteria is called Acceptance testing.

The Gherkin mechanism can be used to write acceptance criteria that can be understood and tested easily. It is in the form:

Given <SOME PRECONDITION>

When <SOME INPUT>

Then <SOME OUTPUT>

Therefore, The team will splitting as following:

User story: As a prospective student, I want to enroll in and finish a course so that I may improve in my job.

Given: a student visits homepage to enroll

When: by filling in the required details in a form

Then: system registers new user

And: user receives a notification email

User story: As a prospective student, I want a secure online education platform where I can make payments with confidence.

Given: Student wants to make payment safely

When: pays using acceptable payment method

Then: system accepts payments safely

User story: As a student, I'd like to create an online profile on the smart academy portal where I can enter my personal information..

Given: The student needs to change details on profile

When: fills In required fields

And: Saves the changes

Then: an online profile of student updated and visible

User story: As a student, I'd want to be able to access my data and the course I'm enrolled in so that I may organize my studies ahead of time.

Given: students logs into the profile

When: clicks to view information

Then: Up-to-date information displays

VII) Prioritizing

The MoSCoW technique stands for must have, should have, could have, and will not have (Anand & Dinakaran, 2017).. It is used to prioritize the project requirements according to resources and return on investment. Therefore, using this technique the stories were prioritized as follow:

Most have: Are the requirements necessary for the successful completion of an online learning system for instance:

• Students successfully enrolling into the course

• Students paying for the course on a safe platform

They are necessary because they bring paying customers onto the platform.

Should have -The identifiable requirements under this are:

• Student’s ability to view personal details and their course

The online platform will continue to function even if this condition is not met, but it adds value if it is met.

Could have – A could have requirement is desirable but not that important. For instance: The desire by the student to have an online profile with personal information.

Will not have – These are needs that have no bearing on the final product since they will not be applied or maybe for the future. There are no prerequisites among the split storylines that suit here.

Conclusion

Smart Academy's online learning platform may be efficiently deployed by utilizing Agile business management artifacts. There were several artifacts associated with finding end-user personas, titles, collecting user stories, mapping the stories, writing the stories, splitting the complicated stories into workable sections, moving through the acceptance criteria, setting priorities, and testing the system. End-users who are already using the prototype provide regular feedback, and modifications are done if they're an acceptable recommendation. This leads in the project being subdivided into manageable units, mostly utilizing end-user stories. This can help in the formation of a high-quality online learning platform with the functionality that users require.

When Agile artifacts are used in software development and business management, testing is dependent on constant input (information/ feedback) from system users. As a result, it solves the development team's challenges, such as designing incorrect solutions, because all features will be aligned with the end needs in mind.

References

Azanha, A., Argoud, A. R. T. T., de Camargo Junior, J. B., & Antoniolli, P. D. (2017). Agile project management with Scrum: A case study of a Brazilian pharmaceutical company IT project. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJMPB-06-2016-0054/full/html

Anand, R. V., & Dinakaran, M. (2017). Handling stakeholder conflict by agile requirement prioritization using Apriori technique. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 61, 126-136. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045790617318487

Bhavsar, K., Shah, V., & Gopalan, S. (2020). Scrumbanfall: an agile integration of scrum and kanban with waterfall in software engineering. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 9(4), 2075-2084. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Krunal-Bhavsar/publication/339042133_Scrumbanfall_An_Agile_Integration_of_Scrum_and_Kanban_with_Waterfall_in_Software_Engineering/links/5e50b7a992851c7f7f4cc52b/Scrumbanfall-An-Agile-Integration-of-Scrum-and-Kanban-with-Waterfall-in-Software-Engineering.pdf

Fergnani, A. (2019). The future persona: a futures method to let your scenarios come to life. foresight. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/FS-10-2018-0086/full/html

Sedano, T., Ralph, P., & Péraire, C. (2019, May). The product backlog. In 2019 IEEE/ACM 41st International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) (pp. 200-211). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8812076/

Tripathi, N., Oivo, M., Liukkunen, K., & Markkula, J. (2019). Startup ecosystem effect on minimum viable product development in software startups. Information and Software Technology, 114, 77-91. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584919301417

For this assignment, you will write a 500-word expository essay on the topic of technology, history, and society.

 For this assignment, you will write a 500-word expository essay on the topic of technology, history, and society. Your essay should have a clearly established and sustained viewpoint and purpose. In addition, your writing should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful. Following are the content requirements of the essay:

• Select one of the following emerging technologies: nanotechnology, biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and robotics.

  • Describe the emerging technology.

  • What problem was this emerging technology addressing?

• What were the political effects of this emerging technology?

  • Describe at least one positive political outcome.

  • Describe at least one negative political outcome.

• What were the social effects of this emerging technology?

  • Describe at least one positive social outcome.

  • Describe at least one negative social outcome.

• What were the economic effects of this emerging technology?

  • Describe at least one positive economic outcome.

  • Describe at least one negative economic outcome.

• Overall, do you believe the tradeoffs of your example were worth it for society? Why or why not?

Your paper should also meet the following requirements:

• APA format.

  • Title page

  • Introduction

  • APA citations

  • Double-spaced sentences

  • 12-point Times New Roman font

  • Conclusion

• Reference page

  • Three sources minimum (including the class text)

• Standard English grammar conventions

  • Correct grammar

  • Correct punctuation and spelling

  • Logical, well-ordered sentences

Solution 

Title: The Positive And Negative Effects Of Biotechnology On Society: Evaluation Of Its Political, Societal And Economic Impact.

Table of Contents

	Page
Introduction	4
Description of Biotechnology	4
Purpose	4
Assumption	4
Political effects	5
Social effects	5
Economic effects	5
Are the tradeoffs worth it for society	6
Conclusion	6
References	7

Introduction

Biotechnology is an emerging technology that is addressing societal challenges. Food supplies, energy, illnesses, health care, and environmental issues are just a few examples. On the one side, biotechnology provides benefits, including the use of genetically engineered organisms to produce food that is resistant to adverse environmental conditions (NASRM et al., 2017a). On the other side, some people have concerns regarding genes that release chemicals that are detrimental to individuals and the environment (NASRM et al., 2017b).

Description
Biotechnology is an applied science that includes the use of living creatures and bio-processes to create or change items used in industry, agriculture, and medicine, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals (Adeogun, 2018).

Purpose

The essay will examine the benefits and drawbacks of biotechnology, as well as whether the compromises are worthwhile.

Assumption
Although biotechnology has the potential to improve the quality of life for humans and the environment, it also has the potential to endanger human health, and all of this may be assessed in terms of its political, social, and economic influence on society.

Political Effects

Positive

Biotechnology can be favorable for a political environment when implementing policies that boost agricultural productivity for the populace. This enables genetically engineered organisms to be consumed while developing resistance to plant diseases (fungi, bacteria, viruses), animal pests (insects, mites, nematodes) (Giudice et at, 2021), and environmental fluctuations.

Negative

Governments must regulate firms using biotechnology since the cost of pharmaceutical manufactured products can rise to the point where some patients cannot afford to pay for their medication (Busfield, 2020).

Social Effects

Positive

Biotechnology enables the production and consumption of meals with fewer constraints by expanding the availability of previously inaccessible foods in a larger diversity (Qaim,2020). Furthermore, the food produced is more nutritious, and better for the environment.

Negative

It is possible for biotechnology to result in the production of toxic chemicals, as well as the employment of a biological agent that may spread illness and contamination.

Economic effects

Positive

Biotechnology has the potential to save the economy money on food production by generating more efficient and productive crops that can be cultivated in places that are less favorable for food production (Helliwell & Burton, 2021).

Negative

When using biotechnology, farmers require fewer workers to harvest crops as a result, fewer individuals are employed in the agriculture industry, raising the unemployment rate (Sparrow & Howard, 2021).

Are the tradeoffs worth it?

Increased food production, diversity, fewer illnesses, and cheaper costs of manufacturing food and other health goods using biotechnology make the tradeoffs desirable in society, despite the high cost of pharmaceutical drugs, a few hazardous chemicals, and loss of jobs. This is because the positive effects outweigh the negatives, and additional investments may be made to improve the production of food and other health items at a reduced cost for availability and affordability.

Conclusion

Biotechnology can be analyzed in terms of political, societal, and economical effects. The positive effects outweigh the negative effects and therefore the trade-offs are worth it in society.

References

Adeogun, B. K. (2018). Biotechnology and its applications: A review. Appl. Res. J. Biotechnol, 1(2), 1-4. https://skies.education/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/Biotechnology-and-Its-Applications-A-Review-se-j-arjb-2018.0101001.pdf

Busfield, J. (2020). Documenting the financialisation of the pharmaceutical industry. Social Science & Medicine, 258, 113096. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953620303154

Giudice, G., Moffa, L., Varotto, S., Cardone, M. F., Bergamini, C., De Lorenzis, G., ... & Chitarra, W. (2021). Novel and emerging biotechnological crop protection approaches. Plant Biotechnology Journal. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pbi.13605

Helliwell, R., & Burton, R. J. (2021). The promised land? Exploring the future visions and narrative silences of cellular agriculture in news and industry media. Journal of Rural Studies, 84, 180-191. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0743016721001029

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Studies, D. O. E. A. L., Resources, B. O. A. A. N., & Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops: Past Experience and Future Prospects. (2017a). Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects (Illustrated ed.). National Academies Press. p. 65

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Studies, D. O. E. A. L., Resources, B. O. A. A. N., & Committee on Genetically Engineered Crops: Past Experience and Future Prospects. (2017b). Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects (Illustrated ed.). National Academies Press. p. 97

Sparrow, R., & Howard, M. (2021). Robots in agriculture: prospects, impacts, ethics, and policy. precision agriculture, 22(3), 818-833. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11119-020-09757-9

Qaim, M. (2020). Role of new plant breeding technologies for food security and sustainable agricultural development. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42(2), 129-150. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/aepp.13044